Radiation environmental monitoring, refers to the operation of radioactive material facilities outside the perimeter of radiation and radioactive level measurement associated with the facility operation, radiation environmental monitoring object is medium and biological environment.

Nuclear radiation environment monitoring aims to test run in the surrounding environment caused by radiation and radioactivity level is in line with the national and local regulations, and the nuclear activities of human caused by the long-term change trend of environmental radiation caused by human activities, including the redistribution of natural radionuclides of caused by the change of environmental radiation level) for monitoring [1]. Environmental monitoring specific purpose and significance of basically has the following several aspects: (1) to evaluate radioactive substances released into the environment or facilities radiation on people's actual or potential exposure levels, or to estimate the exposure limit, and monitoring and evaluation of its long-term trend, find problems in a timely manner to improve; (2) collection facilities running state and the course of pollutants into the environment, the environmental radiation level of correlation between factors such as information, note has not been noticed exposure pathways and release way, the effects of or other source; (3) abnormal release or accident, quick response, through monitoring and emergency decision-making provide a basis for evaluation of accident consequences. (4) to prove to the release of the environment in compliance with the corresponding code requirements, provide relevant information to the public, improve public relations.